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Genetically modified fish (GM fish) are organisms from the clade which includes the classes Agnatha (jawless fish), Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) and Osteichthyes (bony fish) whose genetic material (DNA) has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases the aim is to introduce a new trait to the fish which does not occur naturally in the species. GM fish are used in scientific research and kept as pets. They are being developed as environmental pollutant sentinels and for use in aquaculture food production. In 2015, the AquAdvantage salmon was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States for commercial production, sale and consumption,〔Staff (November 2015)(FDA Has Determined That the AquAdvantage Salmon is as Safe to Eat as Non-GE Salmon ) FDA Consumer Health Information / U.S. Food and Drug Administration / November 2015 / Retrieved 20 November 2015〕 making it the first genetically modified animal to be approved for human consumption. Some GM fish that have been created have promoters driving an over-production of "all fish" growth hormone. This resulted in dramatic growth enhancement in several species, including salmonids, carps and tilapias.〔Hackett, P.B. and Alvarez, M.C. (2000) The molecular genetics of transgenic fish. Recent Adv. Mar. Biotech., 4, 77-145.〕 Critics have objected to GM fish on several grounds, including ecological concerns, and with respect to whether using them as food is safe and whether GM fish are needed to help address the world's food needs. ==History and process== (詳細はGenetic Engineering and Fish Fact Sheet ). 2003〕 Generally, genetic modification entails manipulation of DNA. The process is known as cisgenesis when a gene is transferred between organisms that could be conventionally bred, or transgenesis when a gene from one species is added to a different species. Gene transfer into the genome of the desired organism, as for fish in this case, requires a vector like a lentivirus or mechanical/physical insertion of the altered genes into the nucleus of the host by means of a micro syringe or a gene gun.〔(Csiro. Genetic modification )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Genetically modified fish」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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